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Life in Bible Times



Measures


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Balance, found at Pompeii.

Balance
Balance, found at Pompeii..

Arab women selling fruit and vegetables. The buyer on the right watches the good measure of lentils which is being weighed in the balance by means of graduated bars. An early photograph.

Balance
Arab women selling fruit and vegetables. The buyer on the right watches the good measure of lentils which is being weighed in the balance by means of graduated bars. An early photograph..

The Roman tribute-money which the Pharisees and Herodians produced (Mark xii, 13-17) was the silver denarius, bearing the image and superscription of Tiberius Caesar.

Denarius
The Roman tribute-money which the Pharisees and Herodians produced (Mark xii, 13-17) was the silver denarius, bearing the &`;image and superscription&`; of Tiberius Caesar..
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A Jerusalem money-lender. An early photograph.

Money-lender
A Jerusalem money-lender. An early photograph..

A good measure of corn. A corn measure is not full until it is &`;running over.&`; An early photograph.

Measure
A good measure of corn. A corn measure is not full until it is &`;running over.&`; An early photograph..

Thessalonica - the Mint

Mint
Thessalonica - the Mint.

Thessalonica - Model of the mould for coin blanks

Mint
Thessalonica - Model of the mould for coin blanks.

Thessalonica - Model of the mould for coin blanks

Mint
Thessalonica - Model of the mould for coin blanks.

Tyrian stater. 1st century AD.

Stater
Tyrian stater. 1st century AD..

Coin - Shekel of Simeon, of the 2nd Jewish Revolt against Rome

Shekel
Coin - Shekel of Simeon, of the 2nd Jewish Revolt against Rome.

Coin - Shekel of the 1st Jewish revolt against Rome, AD 66/67

Shekel
Coin - Shekel of the 1st Jewish revolt against Rome, AD 66/67.

Weighing gold and silver rings, tomb of Rekhmire, Thebes, Egypt. 15th century BC. Cf Gen.23:16.

Weighing
Weighing gold and silver rings, tomb of Rekhmire, Thebes, Egypt. 15th century BC. Cf Gen.23:16..

One of a set of sixteen bronze lion-weights found at Nimrud, of which the largest is a foot long, the smallest about an inch.

Weights
One of a set of sixteen bronze lion-weights found at Nimrud, of which the largest is a foot long, the smallest about an inch..

Assarion or As, translated &`;farthing&`; in old Bibles

Assarion
Assarion or As, translated &`;farthing&`; in old Bibles.

A denarius (often translated &`;penny&`;) of Tiberius. This is the coin Jesus would have been shown when he said: Give to Caesar what is Caesar&`;s

Denarius
A denarius (often translated &`;penny&`;) of Tiberius. This is the coin Jesus would have been shown when he said: Give to Caesar what is Caesar&`;s.

Assarion or As, &`;farthing&`; in Mt.10.29, Lk.12.6

Assarion
Assarion or As, &`;farthing&`; in Mt.10.29, Lk.12.6.

Aureus, gold (worth 25 drachmas), of Vespasian, 72 AD.

Aureus
Aureus, gold (worth 25 drachmas), of Vespasian, 72 AD. . Left: IMPerator CAESar VESPasian AUGustus CENSor&`;, bust of Vespasian. Right: &`;Peace of Augustus&`;, Peace, holding an olive branch and waving Mercury&`;s wand over a three legged money-changer&`;s table. Probably struck to commemorate his victory in Judea. The Aureus is probabaly referred to by &`;gold&`; in Mt.10.9 & Act 3.6

Assyrian balance

Balance
Assyrian balance.

Egyptian balance and weights

Balance
Egyptian balance and weights.

Daric, gold, introduced by Darius. Right: Darius, half-kneeling. See Ezra 2.69, 7.27, Neh.7.70-72, 1Chron.29.7 (which records the value at the time Chronicles was compiled)

Daric
Daric, gold, introduced by Darius. Right: Darius, half-kneeling. See Ezra 2.69, 7.27, Neh.7.70-72, 1Chron.29.7 (which records the value at the time Chronicles was compiled).

Denarius, of Tiberius. A silver coin, also called a Dinar, or Drachma.

Denarius
Denarius, of Tiberius. A silver coin, also called a Dinar, or Drachma. . Left: TIberius Caesar, Son of his late Majesty Augustus (and himself) Augustus&`;, protrait of Tiberius. Right: &`;Pontifex Maximus&`;, Empress Dowager Livia with scepter and olive branch. Tiberius issued only one type of Denarius, sothis is most probably the coin shown to Jesus. Mt.22.17-21, Mk.12.14-17, Lk.20.21-25. This was a normal day&`;s wage for a labourer.

Denarius of Augustus. The Denarius was theoretically worth a little less than a drachma, but in practice they were equivalent.

Denarius
Denarius of Augustus. The Denarius was theoretically worth a little less than a drachma, but in practice they were equivalent..

Denarius, silver, c 132 BC. Left: &`;Rome&`;, and &`;*&`; indicating it is worth 10 copper coins, helmeted head of Minerva, goddess of Rome.

Denarius
Denarius, silver, c 132 BC. Left: &`;Rome&`;, and &`;*&`; indicating it is worth 10 copper coins, helmeted head of Minerva, goddess of Rome. . Right: &`;Titus DEIDIus&`; (probably a proconsul), Roman soldier with shield, short sword and flagellum fighting an adversary with sheild, dagger and stick, worth 10 copper coins

Didrachma, silver, (worth two drachmas or half a Shekel), the value of the Temple Tax - cf Mt.17.24. Traditionally this is the coin of the 30 pieces of silver - cf Mt.26.15, but this would not add up to the 30 Shekels of Ex.21.32.

Didrachma
Didrachma, silver, (worth two drachmas or half a Shekel), the value of the Temple Tax - cf Mt.17.24. Traditionally this is the coin of the 30 pieces of silver - cf Mt.26.15, but this would not add up to the 30 Shekels of Ex.21.32. . This coin is from Rhodes, of the the few countries which produced a didrachma. Left: face of Helios, the Sun god. Right: &`;of Rhodes&`;, &`;Akesis&`; (a magistrate?), a rose, Apollo and a lyre.

Drachma

Drachma
Drachma.

Half Shekel

Half Shekel
Half Shekel.

Half Shekel, copper, of Antigonus, the Greek name for Mattathias. Left: two cornucopiae &`;Mattathias the High Priest and the confederation of the Jews&`; (Hebrew). Right: wreath, &`;King Antigonus&`; (Greek)

Half Shekel
Half Shekel, copper, of Antigonus, the Greek name for Mattathias. Left: two cornucopiae &`;Mattathias the High Priest and the confederation of the Jews&`; (Hebrew). Right: wreath, &`;King Antigonus&`; (Greek).

Half Shekel, copper, of Simon. Left: two thickly leaved branches, with a citron, &`;in the fourth year, one half&`;. Right: &`;Redemption of Zion&`;, palm tree between two baskets of dates.

Half Shekel
Half Shekel, copper, of Simon. Left: two thickly leaved branches, with a citron, &`;in the fourth year, one half&`;. Right: &`;Redemption of Zion&`;, palm tree between two baskets of dates..

Half Shekels, copper. Left: palm tree &`;Simon, Prince of Israel&`;. Right: vine leaf &`;First Year of the Redemption of Israel&`;.

Half Shekel
Half Shekels, copper. Left: palm tree &`;Simon, Prince of Israel&`;. Right: vine leaf &`;First Year of the Redemption of Israel&`;..

Kodrantes (Matt.5.26), Roman Quadrans or Teruncius, worth quarter of an As

Kodrants
Kodrantes (Matt.5.26), Roman Quadrans or Teruncius, worth quarter of an As.

Quarter Shekel, copper, of Simon. Left: two thickly leaved branches, with a citron, &`;in the fourth year, one quarter&`;. Right: &`;Redemption of Zion&`;, a citron.

Quarter Shekel
Quarter Shekel, copper, of Simon. Left: two thickly leaved branches, with a citron, &`;in the fourth year, one quarter&`;. Right: &`;Redemption of Zion&`;, a citron..

Sesterce (1/4 denarius), of Vespasian, 71 AD. &`;EMPeror CAESAR VESPASIAN, AUGustus, Pontiffex Maximus, Tribunitial Powers, Father or the Fatherland, COnSul 3rd time&`;, bust of Vespasian.

Quarter Shekel
Sesterce (1/4 denarius), of Vespasian, 71 AD. &`;EMPeror CAESAR VESPASIAN, AUGustus, Pontiffex Maximus, Tribunitial Powers, Father or the Fatherland, COnSul 3rd time&`;, bust of Vespasian. . Right: &`;Subjugation of Judea&`; &`;Senate Decree&`;, winged Victory over a palm shading a weeping Jewish maiden

Shekel

Shekel
Shekel.

Shekel, silver, of Simon Bar-cochbah (&`;son of a star&`;). Left: &`;Simon&`;, tetrastyle temple, star. Right: &`;The Deliverance of Jerusalem&`;, lulab and ethrog.

Shekel
Shekel, silver, of Simon Bar-cochbah (&`;son of a star&`;). Left: &`;Simon&`;, tetrastyle temple, star. Right: &`;The Deliverance of Jerusalem&`;, lulab and ethrog..

Shekel, silver, AD 68. Left: &`;Shekel of Israel&`;, pot of manna. Right: &`;Jerusalem the Holy&`;, Aaron&`;s rod

Shekel
Shekel, silver, AD 68. Left: &`;Shekel of Israel&`;, pot of manna. Right: &`;Jerusalem the Holy&`;, Aaron&`;s rod.

Shekel, silver, of &`;Simon&`;. The Romans allowed only great cities (not including Jerusalem) to issue silver coins. These were struck in defiance to the Romans.

Shekel
Shekel, silver, of &`;Simon&`;. The Romans allowed only great cities (not including Jerusalem) to issue silver coins. These were struck in defiance to the Romans.. Left: a cup or chalice. Right: Lily or hyacinth (believed to represent the almonds of Aaron&`;s rod) &`;Jerusalem the Holy&`;

Sixth Shekel, copper, of Simon. Left: &`;The Redemption of Zion&`;, a cup. Right: &`;in the fourth year&`;, a bundle of palm branches between two citrons.

Sixth Shekel
Sixth Shekel, copper, of Simon. Left: &`;The Redemption of Zion&`;, a cup. Right: &`;in the fourth year&`;, a bundle of palm branches between two citrons.. At the feast of Tabernacles the palm branch or &`;lulab&`; is carried in the right hand, and the citron or &`;ethrog&`; in the left.

Ancient sun-dials

Sundial
Ancient sun-dials.

Sun dials. Top: Greek. Left: Egyptian. Right: Roman. - cf 2K.20.11, Is.38.8)

Sundial
Sun dials. Top: Greek. Left: Egyptian. Right: Roman. - cf 2K.20.11, Is.38.8).

Tetradrachm, silver, of Lysimachus

Tetradrachm
Tetradrachm, silver, of Lysimachus.

Tetradrachm, silver, (or Stater) of Antioch, AD 5. Left: &`;of Caesar Augustus&`;, bust of Augustus. Right: &`;of the metropolis of Antiocheans&`;, the female Genius of Antioch, her feet on the river god Orontes.

Tetradrachm
Tetradrachm, silver, (or Stater) of Antioch, AD 5. Left: &`;of Caesar Augustus&`;, bust of Augustus. Right: &`;of the metropolis of Antiocheans&`;, the female Genius of Antioch, her feet on the river god Orontes.. This coin was not permitted in the Temple because the Antioch Tetradrachm contained only 3 drachmas worth of silver.

Tetradrachm, silver (or Stater, worth 4 drachmas, equivalent to a Shekel), of Tyre, 46 BC.

Tetradrachm
Tetradrachm, silver (or Stater, worth 4 drachmas, equivalent to a Shekel), of Tyre, 46 BC.. Left: Head of Phoenician god Melcarth. Right: &`;of Tyre, Holy and Inviolate&`;, eagle and palm branch of victory. This tetradrachm was allowed in the Temple, but the Antioch tetradrachm was not. This was not for religious reasons but because Antioch&`;s coin had only 3 drachmas worth of silver. The temple tax was two drachmas, so Jews often paid in pairs with a tetradrachm, like Jesus as Peter, using the coin in the fish - Mt.17.27. This was probably the coin used to pay Judas (Mt.26.15), and the Roman guards - Mt.28.12

Wallet (see Mt.10.10 et par)

Wallet
Wallet (see Mt.10.10 et par).

assyrian/Babylonian weights in the form of bronze lions and ducks

Weights
assyrian/Babylonian weights in the form of bronze lions and ducks.

Assyrian weights

Weights
Assyrian weights.

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